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CİVA NEDİR, NE İŞE YARAR? CİVANIN ÖZELLİKLERİ ve KULLANILDIĞI YERLER

Yeryüzünde bulunan civanın tamamına yakını parlak kırmızı renkli bir maden olan zincifreden elde edilir. Zincifre, yanardağların püskürdüğü lavların tortulaşması sonucu meydana gelmiştir.

Civanın Özellikleri: civa, oda sıcaklığında sıvı durumunda kalabilen tek madendir. Simgesi “Hg”dir. Rengi ise gümüşsü beyazdır.

Civa 39 derecede katılaşır ve 357 derecede kaynar. Normal sıcaklıkta buharlaşabilir, dumanları civa zehirlenmesi adı verilen zehirlenmeye sebep olur. Civa; soydun, potasyum, kalay, bakır, altın, gümüş gibi birçok madeni çözerek malgama adı verilen sıvı alaşımlar meydana getirir. Civa, demiri çözemediğinden demirden kaplar içerisinde saklanabilmektedir.

Civanın Kullanıldığı Yerler: civa, özellikle termometrelerde, barometrelerde, gaz ya da sıvıların basınçlarını ölçmeye yarayan manometrelerde, pompalarda, otomatik elektrik şalterlerinde kullanılır. Ayrıca altın, gümüş, platin gibi cevherleri filizlerinden ayırmada civadan yararlanılır. Civa bileşiklerinden elde edilen ürünler bugün tıpta ve tarımda önemli bir yer tutar.

Civa Nasıl Elde Edilir: Civa, zincifreden çok basit bir işlemle elde edilir. Zincifre filizleri, maden eritici bir fırında yüksek bir sıcaklığa kadar ısıtılır ve içinden hava akımı geçirilir. Havanın oksijeni zincifre (HgS) ile birleşerek kükürt dioksit gazını meydana getirir ve civa buhar halinde açığa çıkar. Serbest kalan buhar soğutulur ve içindeki civa yoğunlaşarak çökelir.

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