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1. Dünya Savaşı’na Katılan Devletler; İtilaf ve İttifak Devletleri Hangileridir?

Tarihin en büyük savaşlarından biri olan I. Dünya Savaşı’na “dünya savaşı” denilmesinin sebebi, savaşa dünyadaki bütün ülkelerin katılmış olması değil elbette. 1914 yılında başlayan ve dört yıl sürerek 1918 yılında sona eren bu savaşa “dünya savaşı” denilmesinin sebebi, sonuçları itibariyle savaşa giren-girmeyen bütün ülkeleri bir şekilde etkilemiş olmasıdır.

I. Dünya Savaşı’nın iki tarafı vardır: itilaf (anlaşma) ve ittifak (bağlaşma) grubu. Osmanlı Devleti’nin ittifak grubunda yer aldığı bu savaşta ülkeler  çıkarları örtüşen ülkelerin yanında savaşa girmiştir;

İtilaf (Anlaşma) Devletleri:

İngiltere

Fransa

Rusya

İtalya (savaş başlamadan önce ittifak grubundayken savaşın başlamasıyla taraf değiştirerek itilaf kanadına geçmiştir)

Japonya

Sırbistan( Savaştan sonra Yugoslavya’nın çatısı altında siyasi varlığı sona erdi)

Romanya( Rusya’nın baskıları ve Avusturya topraklarındaki emellerinin bir sonucu olarak sa­vaşa girdi)

Belçika(Almanya’nın Fransa’ya saldırırken Bel­çika üzerinden geçmesi, Belçika’yı savaşın içine çekti.)

Karadağ (Savaştan sonra Yugoslavya çatısı al­tında siyasi varlığı sona erdi.)

Yunanistan (Savaşın başlangıcında, gidişatında ve sonucunda önemli bir etkisi olmayan Yunanis­tan; savaşa en son katılan devlettir.)

Portekiz

ABD(ABD Almanya’nın  ticaret ve yolcu ge­milerini batırması ve ABD ile arasında gerginlik bulunan Meksika ile işbirliği yapması üzerine 2 Nisan 1917’de savaşa katıldı. ABD’nin savaşa gir­mesiyle savaşın dengesi itilaf lehine gelişti. Savaşın başlangıcında etkili olmayan ABD savaşın sonu­cunda etkili olmuştur.  ABD’nin savaşa girmesi savaşın süresinin kısalma­sında, savaşın İtilaf Devletleri lehine sonuçlanmasında, Rusya’nın savaştan çekilmesinden dolayı oluşan boşluğun doldurulmasında etkili oldu. ABD savaşa girmekle tarafsızlık politikasını da bozmuş oldu.)

Brezilya

İttifak (Bağlaşma) Devletleri:

-Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu,

-Almanya,

Osmanlı  Devleti

-Bulgaristan

I. Dünya Savaşı ittifak devletlerinin yenilgisiyle sonuçlanmış, savaştan en karlı çıkan iki devlet İngiltere ve Fransa olmuştur. Osmanlı Devleti, Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu, Çarlık Rusya yıkılırken; Türkiye, Macaristan, Polonya, Çekoslovakya, Letonya, Litvanya ve Ukrayna gibi yeni devletler kurulmuştur. Ayrıca Sırbistan, Karadağ, Bosna-Hersek, Makedonya, Slovenya’nın birleşmesiyle Yugoslavya adında yeni bir devlet kurulmuştur.

Son Yorumlar
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